Tips for Working on a College Group Project

Group projects in college can be great experiences or nightmares. From other people not carrying their weight to waiting to the last minute, group projects can quickly turn into an unnecessarily large and ugly problem. By following the basic tips below, however, you can work to ensure that your group project leads to a great grade instead of a massive headache. Set Roles and Goals Early It may seem silly and basic, but setting roles and goals early will help out immensely as the project progresses. Specify who is doing what, with as much detail as possible and with dates and deadlines when appropriate. After all, knowing that one of your group members is going to complete part of the papers research wont do any good if he completes it after the project due date. Allow a Time Cushion at the End of Your Schedule Lets say the project is due on the 10th of the month. Aim to have everything done by the 5th or the 7th, just to be safe. After all, life happens: people get sick, files get lost, group members flake. Allowing for a little cushion will help prevent major stress (and a possible catastrophe) on the actual due date. Arrange for Periodic Check-ins and Updates You may be working your you-know-what off to finish your part of the project, but not everyone may be as diligent. Arrange to meet as a group every other week to update each other, discuss how the project is going, or even just work on things together. This way, everyone will know the group, as a whole, is on track before it becomes too late to fix the problem. Allow Time for Someone to Check the Final Project With so many people working on a project, things can often seem disconnected or confusing. Check-in with a campus writing center, another group, your professor, or anyone else who may be helpful to review your final project before you turn it in. An extra set of eyes can be invaluable for a big project that will have an impact on so many peoples grades. Talk to Your Professor if Someone isnt Pitching In One negative aspect of doing group projects is the possibility that one member is not pitching in to help the rest of the group. Although you may feel awkward about doing so, know that its OK to check in with your professor about whats happening (or not happening). You can do this midway through the project or at the end. Most professors will want to know and, if you check in midway through the project, they might be able to give you some advice about how to move forward.

The Influence of Gender Roles - 700 Words

The Influence of Gender Roles â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid is a short story contained in her collection of stories written in 1983,â€Å"At the Bottom of the River.† This story is about a mother giving advice to her daughter on how to survive and succeed in the society that they are living in at about 1950-1960. The story portrays a mother’s urgent repetitive voice to save her daughter from sexuality, by teaching her how to become a good woman in the society of Antigua, a British Island. The setting of â€Å"Girl† affects the relationship of the characters by the mother dictating a way of life to her daughter and reinforcing the gender roles in society. She reinforces the feminine gender roles by showing her daughter the†¦show more content†¦If her daughter becomes faced with this situation, she can take action immediately by using the medicine that her mother is teaching her how to make. The mother is so focused on teaching her daughter how to get rid of a child that she does not realize that her words and character is affecting the relationship between them. The setting of the story affects the relationship of the characters as well, because the mother, who is influenced by her own life experiences in Antigua, wants to dictate a way of life for her daughter. She also reinforces the gender roles of society as a means to protect her daughter from the dangers of sexuality. Kincaid, express this when the mother says, â€Å"On Sunday try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are so bet on becoming; don’t sing benna in Sunday school; you mustn’t speak to wharf-rat boys, not even to give directions† (Shreve Niguyen, 2006, p. 183). The mother is not giving her daughter a reason why she should not sing benna or talk to the boys; rather, she only gives her daughter orders. The daughter only speaks twice in the story, which shows the power the mother has over her daughter in order to command her life. In one way or ano ther this affects their relationship because the daughter is never allowed to express her own feelings or be sincere to her mother. This lack of expression and confidence canShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Gender Roles1404 Words   |  6 Pages The Influence of Gender Role Stereotyping Shawn Berkley Santa Fe College Abstract Study on gender role stereotypes has shown that there are several negative effects of stereotyping. The study on how gender role stereotyping effects children is not as prevalent because most believe that it doesn’t matter, since children are just forming their stereotype so children do not care. 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Roles are performed according to social norms, shared rules thatRead MoreChildren s Influence On Gender Roles1250 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Bandura and Mischel, â€Å"children learn gender roles in much the same way they learn other social behaviors: By watching the world around them and learning the outcomes of different actions. Thus, parents and others shape appropriate gender roles in children, and children learn what their culture considers appropriate behavior for males and females by simply watching how adults and peers act. Growing up, I was influenced by the â€Å"girly girl† gender stereotypes. My mother and sister are both veryRead MoreTelevision Shows Influence On Gender Roles Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesour gender is up to us (Eckert and McConnell- Ginet). In the case of television shows, how characters perform their genders is up to the script writers. 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Professor Notes - Court Of Law for Legally Enforceable Contract

Question: Discus about the Court of Law for Legally Enforceable Contract. Answer: 1. It is very important to understand the meaning of a legally enforceable contract and the various elements of a contract before answering the said questions. When an agreement is entered into between two or more parties by an offer and acceptance and which can be enforced in the court of law for any kind of breach is termed as a legally enforceable contract in the eyes of the statute. There are various kinds of contracts that exist such as a construction contract, lease agreement, employment contract etc. An agreement is said to be entered into once an offer is made by the offeror and the same is duly accepted in exchange of a consideration by the offeree. Further to this, an agreement to be in written form is not necessary, thus verbal agreements also construe as a legally enforceable contract except in some situations where a written agreement is a must (Arthur, 2015). The most essential part of a contract is existence of a valid and sufficient consideration. Consideration is basically exchange of something that is valuable for both the contracting parties, thus it has to be in monetary terms is not necessary. As long as there exist a mutual benefit, consideration is said to be present. Lastly the fact that the agreement is to be performed immediately as soon as it is entered is a myth. The mere act of performance or promise to act in future also construes as a valid contract. In the first instance Jane offers his car to Jack before departing overseas. The said offer is duly accepted by Jack without any further negotiations. The market value of the car is known to both the contracting parties to be $25000. But however, the said phrase of consideration is not mentioned in clear terms by Jane while offering her car, neither the mode of receiving payment nor any such other details which would enable one to construe the same as a legally enforceable contract. In such situations also, even if there is no explicit mentioning of the consideration amount yet it is viewed as a valid agreement due to its nature of an implied contract wherein even if the amount is not mentioned specifically yet the same is expected that Jack is to pay Jane $25000 at the time of delivery of the car. On a careful analysis of the said situation it is understood that four major elements of a valid contract is duly present. An offer- made by Jane to Jack, an acceptance- by Jack (Denicola, 2002) , Contract is duly bound by the statute, consideration in the form of a market value. Therefore the fact that the said situation is very condemnatory in nature yet after reviewing the entire situation in detail it can be concluded that a consideration is present. The second scenario is a very crystal clear case. Here Jack while offering her car to Jane clearly mentions th amount of consideration i.e. $25000 and due to the presence of all the four elements of a contract it can be concluded that the said contract is a legally enforceable one. First and foremost Jane makes a clear cut offer to Jack for selling her car without any uncertainty. The said offer is accepted in its true sense by Jack, though verbally but not forcefully. Thirdly the said contract is legally binding upon both Jack and Jane of the state in which the contract has been entered into and lastly there exists a sufficient consideration of $25000. Thus presence of all the four elements of a contract is easily identifiable in the said situation (Rembert, 1997). Legally a consideration is defined as a benefit which should be negotiated between the contracting parties before deciding at the same. It is an essential part of any valid contract and is exchanged either on the performance of an act or a promise to perform an act in future. Consideration should be adequate in nature. Sufficiency is the key for a valid consideration. Thus if the amount of consideration is viewed as unfair i.e. it is either insufficient or overtly priced, in both the stances consideration is not acceptable (Giancaspro, 2014). Furtherance to the this, the amount of consideration should be finalized upon after due deliberations and negotiations so that both the parties tend to gain, thus not causing detriment to any of the two contracting parties. There may arrive some circumstances wherein it would seem that the amount of consideration offered is unfair. There may be various causes such as lack of awareness of the fair price for the contract or any kind of force or coercion to name a few. In such situations the other party should try to disclose the same so that the agreement is not unfair and is entered in good faith, else the court of law would intervene to resolve the said issue (Valente, 2010). In the present scenario there does not exist any element of oppression or force on behalf of any party. Further the consideration may not be adequate but it is sufficient thus acceptable in legal parlance. Thirdly Jane is very well versed with the fair value of the car but still makes an offer for just $2500. This is her decision and right and thus nobody can intervene or question upon the same. However Jack should make an effort from his side to ensure that Jane is aware of the difference in consideration of the actual market value of the car and the value offered by her (Gordon, 1990). Thus the court of law cannot intervene in the said case as there does not exist any malafide intention on the part of both the parties to the contract. There the consideration is a valid one. 2. Agreement drafting is a very critical part while entering into a construction contract. The nature of a construction contract is ambiguous and thus the concept of implied doesnt apply here. Therefore in simple terms, a construction contracts agreement should be drafted in a manner which states all the clauses in details with regards the legal implications of the non-performance of the contract, the exchange fluctuation clause, escalation clause, and how are the contracting parties rights protected in case of breach of contract (Construction Industry Council. 2011). However although the concept of implied does not hold good in case of construction contract yet there are some clauses which automatically become applicable due to its unavoidable nature. Thus an perfect contract is one which clearly defines the rights, duties and the obligation of the contracting parties. This enables to protect them from any kind of breaches and provides solutions in case of possible conflicts. Where the contracting parties reside in two different countries with different currencies, inclusion of an exchange fluctuation clause is a must otherwise the contract would be construed as a fixed price contract. Projects with a long gestation period is the most affected due to fluctuation in currencies thus this clause aims to protect the seller or the builder in case of major fluctuations. Therefore for the seller to claim for fluctuation, the same should be mentioned in the contract agreement else the builder has not rights to halt the construction and claim for the increase. However the same can be done in case there is a mutual consent of the two parties to the contract (Arthur, 2015). The present scenario states about a contract that was entered into between a ship builder and North Ocean Tankers and that the contract consideration was to be given in dollars. The contract failed to mention any clause with regards fluctuation in the currency. But due to devaluation of the currency by 10 percent the builder seemed to suffer a loss. Hence to recover the same he asked the buyer to either pay him the exchange difference else he would stop the construction of the tanker. The buyer who had already taken a charter for the said tanker could not afford to let the same happen so agreed to pay the same and got the delivery of the tanker well on time. Now after nine months of delivery the buyer seeks remedy for the breach of contract by the seller. The said contract was a fixed price contract due to unavailability of the fluctuation clause in the contract agreement (Wilson, 2007). The price to be paid to the seller was clearly mentioned and therefore the contract was not liable to pay any exchange difference which would arise due to fluctuation. Unfortunately the buyer was in a dilemma in the said scenario because he had already taken a charter and he would have to suffer monetary as well as reputational loss if the tanker was not delivered on time by the contractor. Thus under undue pressure he agreed to the terms statd by the contractor and paid the difference and the contract was fulfilled on time and the buyer took the delivery of the tanker. Thus this is a case of mutual resolution even though a breach was conducted by the builder. The very concept of breach of contract got defeated as soon as North Ocean tankers paid to the demand made by the ship builder. But the situation would have been different if the buyer had not resorted to the demand of the ship builder and taken an action against his undue and illegal demand at the that particular point of time. He would have succeeded i a case was filed against the ship builder. He would have had dual benefit if a legal case would have been initiated (Caldwell, 2012). The seller would have had no option but to compensate the buyer for any loss that he would have had suffered due to such a demand and breach. But in this case the builder took advantage of the situation knowing very well that the buyer had already taken the charter and hence was in need of the tanker. The next important point to understand is that the damage could be claimed if the breach of contract was bought to the notice of the legal authorities at the time of occurrence of the same. However, it is to be understood that the said stance is flexible and not universal. The plaintiff may be protected in some exceptional situations. But for the same, the plaintiff has to prove that he has performed his part of the contract and there is no breach from his side. The present scenario seems to be difficult to be in favour of the buyer since considerable time has lapsed and he had resorted to his demand. An ideal situation would have been one where the buyer would not have paid to the seller and filed a suit against the seller for breach of contract to seek remedy(Kinlan, Roukema, 2011). This would have helped him to enter into a mutual consent with him wherein the loss would have been borne mutually by them. The shipbuilder performed his part of the contract on time without any delay so that the buyer doesnt suffer losses. Thus in the eyes of the law the builder has not breached the contract and demanding for a price revision due to currency fluctuations on good faith is not an illegal act. Had the buyer approached the court at the time of occurrence of the breach then the same would have been resolved through arbitration. On analysing the situation in depth it seems to be a difficult affair for the buyer to seek for a remedy specially when the tanker has already been on board for nine months now. Maximum that the buyer can ask for by filing a suit is the loss he had suffered due to fulfilling of the demand of price revision (Curtis, 2012). Therefore I would suggest that filing of a law suit would be wastage of time as well as money as the final verdict would be in favour of the ship builder. References: Arthur, J. (2015). Damages and Equitable Compensation in a Commercial Setting, [Online] Available at: https://www.gordonandjackson.com.au/uploads/documents/seminar-papers/Damages_and_Equitable_Compensation_-_John_Arthur.pdf [ accessed 26th August 2016] Arthur, L., (2015), 5 Requirements for a Contract, Available at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-requirements-contract-15616.html [Accessed 26th August 2016] Caldwell, B., (2012), Shipbuilding Contracts: The Allocation of Risk between Purchaser and Builder, Western Mariner: Canada Construction Industry Council.( 2011), Guidelines on Contract Price Fluctuation System, Available at : https://www.cic.hk/cic_data/pdf/about_cic/publications/eng/V10_6_e_V00_20111219.pdf [ Accessed 26th August 2016] Curtis, S. (2012).The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts. Fourth Edition, Oxon: Informa Law from Routledge Denicola, R. (2002), The Law of Contracts, Jones and Bartlett Learning: USA Giancaspro, M.A., (2014), For Your Consideration : Old Rules , Practical Benefit and a New Approach to Contractual Variation, A Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Law, The University of Adelaide. Gordon, J.D., (1990). A Dialogue About the Doctrine of Consideration, Cornell Law Review, vol. 75 Kinlan, D., Roukema, D., (2011), When is an Escalation Clause Necessary? Dealing with Price Fluctuations in Dredging Contracts, Terra et Aqua, vol. 125, pp. 3-9 Rembert, M.R., (1997), The Requirement of Consideration, Australian Law Journal, vol 71 Valente, D., (2010), Enforcing Promises: Consideration and Intention in the Law of Contract, (LLB (Hon) Thesis ), The University of Otago Wilson, T.J., (2007), Additional Payments under Construction Contracts, Construction Management and Economics, vol. 25

Advanced Organisational Behaviour Productive Business

Question: Describe about the Advanced Organisational Behaviour for Productive Business. Answer: 1: As per the given case study, the manager of synergis had announced of a merger between Synergis and Abacus. By the merging activity of the company the transaction-taking place, the ownership of the companies and the operating units are transferred or combined with the other company. The merger is a part of the strategic management that allows the companies to expand, alter or bring out innovation in the nature of the business and enhance the competitive position of the companies. Elliot West, the owner of Abacus decided to create an alliance with the productive firm for which it found Synergies appropriate. However, Elliot being an uneducated entrepreneur depended on the management team for the decision-making and other activities in the organisation. With the decision of merging, Elliot seemed to face certain problems regarding the effect on the employees. As Synergis was not enough centralised and the employees of Abacus had given abundant power to its employees, the company was in the risk of facing problems related to gaining control on the merged entity. In order to deal with the problem, the management team of Abacus developed a containment plan that they planned to implement after the accomplishing of the merging (McLennan, 2013). The containment plan development is the process that Abacus tries to follow in order to identify the internal and external problems faced by the company. In the meeting with Alan and Bill, when Elliot knew about the false information that Nick had been providing to him, he decided to plan another alternative containment plan. Elliot remained silent about the secret containment plan from Nick and on the other hand, he kept planning about implementing the containment plan with Nick. At the correct moment, Elliot used the strategy to disclose to Nick that the new CEO of the company would be Allan. Thus with the effective strategy, Elliot was able to take up an appropriate step towards freeing himself and the company from the influence of Nick. 2: In the case study, Abacus seemed to use more tactics and strategies than Synergies before the merging of both the companies. On the very beginning, when the companies decided to merge the business with each other, Nick mentioned to Elliot that the company needs to design certain strategies that will help them to achieve successful control over the merging of the firms. Thus based on the advice of Nick, Elliot accepted to plan a containment plan that would be implemented after the merging of the business. However, on the other hand Alan and Bill were concerned about the implementation of the containment plan by Abacus. Synergis were concerned as the implementation of containment plan by the managers of Abacus would result in the decrease in the power of Bill. The containment plan of Abacus intended to replace the senior staff of Synergies by the middle managers of Abacus. This would benefit Abacus, as the cost of merging for the company would be reduced. Therefore, Abacus decided to implement the containment strategy plan after the merging of the companies in order to gain competitive advantage over Synergis. After hearing the implementation plan, Bill and Alan met with Elliot to enquire and discuss about the plan. In the meeting, Elliot further became aware that Nick had been planning strategies against Elliot to claim the higher position of CEO in the company. In order to save the company from the negative influence of Nick, Elliot took on foot decision to combine with the owners and managers of Synergis in order to plan an alternative containment plan (Goethals et al., 2013). From the detailed study of the case, it can be opined that the strategy used by Elliot had been more successful. He had been able to achieve the appropriate outcome for the merging of the companies. Keeping the alternative plan secret from Nick minimised the risk, as Nick was incapable of planning other strategy to reach his objectives. 3: The company uses both legitimate and illegitimate political behaviour within the workplace. By legitimate political behaviour in the organisation, it refers to the daily politics that takes place within the company. On the other hand, the illegitimate political behaviour is the power and leadership within the organisation. In case of this situation both, the legitimate and illegitimate political behaviour has been simultaneously used in the companies. In Abacus there has been presence of legitimate political behaviour as Nick, the managing manager of had been providing false information to Elliot, the owner of the company. Since, Elliot was not well educated, he completely relied on Nick. Taking the opportunity, Nick tried to carry out politics that could help him to achieve the higher position in the organisation. Although, Nick recommended Elliot to develop a containment plan for the time after the merging so that the an effective control can be achieved, he was successful in convincing the staffs of Abacus that he has been the driving force of the company and had more importance than Elliot (Lasswell, 2013). Thus, this can be considered as one of the legitimate political behaviour in the organisation. The leaders of Synergis of cooperative with each other they try to consult each other before making any organisational decisions (Frohlich Oppenheimer, 2015). As per the case study, Bill tried to understand the issues faced by Al an because of the merging decision with Abacus. Both the companies discussed in the case study are different from each other in context of political behaviour. As in Abacus politics play a significant role that influence the outcomes of the organisation, there is legitimacy political behaviour identified in the organisation (Dowse, 2013). Synergis on the other side perform open and widespread politics. A number of factors are present in the organisation that influences the political behaviour of both the organisation. Factors such as individual factors, organisational factors add to the presence of political behaviour (Ainsworth, 2014). Thus, after the merging of the company it can be stated that that Synabis will be having both legitimate and illegitimate political behaviour in the company simultaneously. 4: Alan implements the democratic leadership style in Synergis that helps the company to achieve the organisational goals. The democratic leadership is also known as the participative leadership that allows the employees and other members of the organisation to participate in the organisational activities and the decision-making of the company (Beck Cowan, 2014) Alan has been able to gain popularity and respect within the organisation, as he has been a passionate believer in making clear and transparent communication with the employee and the management. Alan further implements up-front management style. This management style makes Alan easily approachable to the employees (Gold et al., 2013). The employees are satisfied with the management as they are sure that whatever the decision be, Alan would stand beside them. Further, the leadership style used by Alan helps the employees to participate in the decision-making. Alan is therefore able to increase the effectiveness of the decision-making process with the help of the democratic leadership. The employee satisfaction level is also enhanced, as the employees are able to effectively participate in delivering high organisational performance (Chhokar, Brodbeck House, 2013). The capabilities, skills and knowledge of the employees are utilised to the maximum level. Alan uses the leadership style to identify the individual capabilities of the employees. Among the several leadership theories, the most effective theory that could be applied to Alan is the contingency theory. The contingency theory in the organisation claims that there is no specific best way for the company in order to lead the organisation. The effectiveness of the leaders depends upon the particular situation faced by the leaders (Daft, 2014). This gives rise to two factors such as the leadership style and situational favourableness. Moreover, two leadership styles can be outlined from the contingency theory namely task-motivated and relationship-motivated leadership. With the implementation of the contingency model in the organisation, Alan would be able to achieve a number of advantages such as choosing the appropriate and effective leaders for the organisation who will be able to guide the employees in the right direction. Alan will further be able to use the model as a tool to build up groups by altering the variables present in the organisation. A wealth of mat erials is present with the leader while implementing the contingency theory (Dooley, 2014). Nevertheless, if Alan uses the contingency model of leadership in the organisation, the model will allow ballpark results that are flexible in nature. The flexibility allows the leaders to achieve a wide range of effective relationship between the management and the employees. Merging of the companies require effective leadership as the leaders need to manage the perception of the employees of both the companies. Therefore, the contingency theory is effective in helping the managers and Alan to manage the new organisation, Synabis. References Ainsworth, J. (2014). Organisational Behaviour Theories and Their Relevance to the practice of Stage Management in a Theatrical Setting, a Discussion. Beck, D. E., Cowan, C. (2014).Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley Sons. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Dooley, K. (2014). Organisational Behaviour: Business Models for a Profitable and Sustainable Future.Journal of Social Sciences (COESRJ-JSS),3(1), 247-257. Dowse, R. E. (2013). Political Behaviour: Parties, Groups and Elections.Political Science (Routledge Library Editions: Political Science Volume 14): An Outline For The Intending Student of Government, Politics and Political Science,14, 126. Frohlich, N., Oppenheimer, J. A. (2015).Political leadership and collective goods. Princeton University Press. Goethals, G., Allison, S., Kramer, R., Messick, D. (Eds.). (2014).Conceptions of leadership: Enduring ideas and emerging insights. Springer. Gold, J., Holden, R., Iles, P., Stewart, J., Beardwell, J. (Eds.). (2013).Human resource development: Theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Lasswell, H. D. (2013).The analysis of political behaviour(Vol. 2). Routledge. McLennan, R. (2013).Cases in organisational behaviour. Routledge.