Tips for Working on a College Group Project

Group projects in college can be great experiences or nightmares. From other people not carrying their weight to waiting to the last minute, group projects can quickly turn into an unnecessarily large and ugly problem. By following the basic tips below, however, you can work to ensure that your group project leads to a great grade instead of a massive headache. Set Roles and Goals Early It may seem silly and basic, but setting roles and goals early will help out immensely as the project progresses. Specify who is doing what, with as much detail as possible and with dates and deadlines when appropriate. After all, knowing that one of your group members is going to complete part of the papers research wont do any good if he completes it after the project due date. Allow a Time Cushion at the End of Your Schedule Lets say the project is due on the 10th of the month. Aim to have everything done by the 5th or the 7th, just to be safe. After all, life happens: people get sick, files get lost, group members flake. Allowing for a little cushion will help prevent major stress (and a possible catastrophe) on the actual due date. Arrange for Periodic Check-ins and Updates You may be working your you-know-what off to finish your part of the project, but not everyone may be as diligent. Arrange to meet as a group every other week to update each other, discuss how the project is going, or even just work on things together. This way, everyone will know the group, as a whole, is on track before it becomes too late to fix the problem. Allow Time for Someone to Check the Final Project With so many people working on a project, things can often seem disconnected or confusing. Check-in with a campus writing center, another group, your professor, or anyone else who may be helpful to review your final project before you turn it in. An extra set of eyes can be invaluable for a big project that will have an impact on so many peoples grades. Talk to Your Professor if Someone isnt Pitching In One negative aspect of doing group projects is the possibility that one member is not pitching in to help the rest of the group. Although you may feel awkward about doing so, know that its OK to check in with your professor about whats happening (or not happening). You can do this midway through the project or at the end. Most professors will want to know and, if you check in midway through the project, they might be able to give you some advice about how to move forward.

The Influence of Gender Roles - 700 Words

The Influence of Gender Roles â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid is a short story contained in her collection of stories written in 1983,â€Å"At the Bottom of the River.† This story is about a mother giving advice to her daughter on how to survive and succeed in the society that they are living in at about 1950-1960. The story portrays a mother’s urgent repetitive voice to save her daughter from sexuality, by teaching her how to become a good woman in the society of Antigua, a British Island. The setting of â€Å"Girl† affects the relationship of the characters by the mother dictating a way of life to her daughter and reinforcing the gender roles in society. She reinforces the feminine gender roles by showing her daughter the†¦show more content†¦If her daughter becomes faced with this situation, she can take action immediately by using the medicine that her mother is teaching her how to make. The mother is so focused on teaching her daughter how to get rid of a child that she does not realize that her words and character is affecting the relationship between them. The setting of the story affects the relationship of the characters as well, because the mother, who is influenced by her own life experiences in Antigua, wants to dictate a way of life for her daughter. She also reinforces the gender roles of society as a means to protect her daughter from the dangers of sexuality. Kincaid, express this when the mother says, â€Å"On Sunday try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are so bet on becoming; don’t sing benna in Sunday school; you mustn’t speak to wharf-rat boys, not even to give directions† (Shreve Niguyen, 2006, p. 183). The mother is not giving her daughter a reason why she should not sing benna or talk to the boys; rather, she only gives her daughter orders. The daughter only speaks twice in the story, which shows the power the mother has over her daughter in order to command her life. In one way or ano ther this affects their relationship because the daughter is never allowed to express her own feelings or be sincere to her mother. This lack of expression and confidence canShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Gender Roles1404 Words   |  6 Pages The Influence of Gender Role Stereotyping Shawn Berkley Santa Fe College Abstract Study on gender role stereotypes has shown that there are several negative effects of stereotyping. The study on how gender role stereotyping effects children is not as prevalent because most believe that it doesn’t matter, since children are just forming their stereotype so children do not care. 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Roles are performed according to social norms, shared rules thatRead MoreChildren s Influence On Gender Roles1250 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Bandura and Mischel, â€Å"children learn gender roles in much the same way they learn other social behaviors: By watching the world around them and learning the outcomes of different actions. Thus, parents and others shape appropriate gender roles in children, and children learn what their culture considers appropriate behavior for males and females by simply watching how adults and peers act. Growing up, I was influenced by the â€Å"girly girl† gender stereotypes. My mother and sister are both veryRead MoreTelevision Shows Influence On Gender Roles Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesour gender is up to us (Eckert and McConnell- Ginet). In the case of television shows, how characters perform their genders is up to the script writers. Media, specifically television shows, plays a sizable role in creating and enforcing gender norms because of its wide range of influence. Many popular television shows tend to exaggerate gender roles by making actors either overplay or underplay the gender that goes with their assigned sex. While the actions of the characters play a large role inRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Gender Roles1042 Words   |  5 PagesThe media is a well-known, influential aspect on gender roles that broadcast negative messages to society through television by the images that are mainstreamed, which has an effect on people’s thinking process. Televis ion brainwashes both men and women to believe they are not perfect, unless they have the body image of a celebrity. Though it is just a fantasy and not reality, â€Å"81% of 10 year girls are afraid of being fat, half of those girls believe they feel better about themselves when they wereRead MoreWomen s Influence On Gender Roles1427 Words   |  6 Pageshas lived out today, men have undoubtedly been glorified and held in high esteem for their accomplishments, character, and influence. Man has become a symbol of power, with masculinity becing associated with positive attributes such as strength, intelligence, and control. Femininity however, has been regarded as weak, superficial, and vacuous. Such an outlook on gender roles has resulted in an unequal power dynamic and an increasing deprecating view of the woman and her capabilities. Under representedRead MoreMedia s Influence On Gender And Gender Roles Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesOur world is surrounded by media. Media plays a n enormous role in affecting the way we perceive gender and gender roles. Media as well as communications are known to be the key elements of how people live their life in the modern age. The media can be a very inviting place, since it has so many things inside of it that appeals to people worldwide. At the same time, the media can be a cruel, judging and corrupt area that can be scary to involve yourself with. That being said, the mass media has hadRead MoreHow The Media Influences Gender Roles3905 Words   |  16 PagesHow the Media Influences Gender Roles in Adolescents AMST Research Writing Professor Liles 7 April 2015 I certify that I have followed the SJFC Academic Honesty Policy for writing papers Gabrielle Burns How the Media Influences Gender Roles in Adolescents One of today’s thriving issues is the strong gender gaps that exist in American society. Beginning at birth, the hospital assigns blue blankets to boys and pink blankets to girls because those are presumably colors that are

Professor Notes - Court Of Law for Legally Enforceable Contract

Question: Discus about the Court of Law for Legally Enforceable Contract. Answer: 1. It is very important to understand the meaning of a legally enforceable contract and the various elements of a contract before answering the said questions. When an agreement is entered into between two or more parties by an offer and acceptance and which can be enforced in the court of law for any kind of breach is termed as a legally enforceable contract in the eyes of the statute. There are various kinds of contracts that exist such as a construction contract, lease agreement, employment contract etc. An agreement is said to be entered into once an offer is made by the offeror and the same is duly accepted in exchange of a consideration by the offeree. Further to this, an agreement to be in written form is not necessary, thus verbal agreements also construe as a legally enforceable contract except in some situations where a written agreement is a must (Arthur, 2015). The most essential part of a contract is existence of a valid and sufficient consideration. Consideration is basically exchange of something that is valuable for both the contracting parties, thus it has to be in monetary terms is not necessary. As long as there exist a mutual benefit, consideration is said to be present. Lastly the fact that the agreement is to be performed immediately as soon as it is entered is a myth. The mere act of performance or promise to act in future also construes as a valid contract. In the first instance Jane offers his car to Jack before departing overseas. The said offer is duly accepted by Jack without any further negotiations. The market value of the car is known to both the contracting parties to be $25000. But however, the said phrase of consideration is not mentioned in clear terms by Jane while offering her car, neither the mode of receiving payment nor any such other details which would enable one to construe the same as a legally enforceable contract. In such situations also, even if there is no explicit mentioning of the consideration amount yet it is viewed as a valid agreement due to its nature of an implied contract wherein even if the amount is not mentioned specifically yet the same is expected that Jack is to pay Jane $25000 at the time of delivery of the car. On a careful analysis of the said situation it is understood that four major elements of a valid contract is duly present. An offer- made by Jane to Jack, an acceptance- by Jack (Denicola, 2002) , Contract is duly bound by the statute, consideration in the form of a market value. Therefore the fact that the said situation is very condemnatory in nature yet after reviewing the entire situation in detail it can be concluded that a consideration is present. The second scenario is a very crystal clear case. Here Jack while offering her car to Jane clearly mentions th amount of consideration i.e. $25000 and due to the presence of all the four elements of a contract it can be concluded that the said contract is a legally enforceable one. First and foremost Jane makes a clear cut offer to Jack for selling her car without any uncertainty. The said offer is accepted in its true sense by Jack, though verbally but not forcefully. Thirdly the said contract is legally binding upon both Jack and Jane of the state in which the contract has been entered into and lastly there exists a sufficient consideration of $25000. Thus presence of all the four elements of a contract is easily identifiable in the said situation (Rembert, 1997). Legally a consideration is defined as a benefit which should be negotiated between the contracting parties before deciding at the same. It is an essential part of any valid contract and is exchanged either on the performance of an act or a promise to perform an act in future. Consideration should be adequate in nature. Sufficiency is the key for a valid consideration. Thus if the amount of consideration is viewed as unfair i.e. it is either insufficient or overtly priced, in both the stances consideration is not acceptable (Giancaspro, 2014). Furtherance to the this, the amount of consideration should be finalized upon after due deliberations and negotiations so that both the parties tend to gain, thus not causing detriment to any of the two contracting parties. There may arrive some circumstances wherein it would seem that the amount of consideration offered is unfair. There may be various causes such as lack of awareness of the fair price for the contract or any kind of force or coercion to name a few. In such situations the other party should try to disclose the same so that the agreement is not unfair and is entered in good faith, else the court of law would intervene to resolve the said issue (Valente, 2010). In the present scenario there does not exist any element of oppression or force on behalf of any party. Further the consideration may not be adequate but it is sufficient thus acceptable in legal parlance. Thirdly Jane is very well versed with the fair value of the car but still makes an offer for just $2500. This is her decision and right and thus nobody can intervene or question upon the same. However Jack should make an effort from his side to ensure that Jane is aware of the difference in consideration of the actual market value of the car and the value offered by her (Gordon, 1990). Thus the court of law cannot intervene in the said case as there does not exist any malafide intention on the part of both the parties to the contract. There the consideration is a valid one. 2. Agreement drafting is a very critical part while entering into a construction contract. The nature of a construction contract is ambiguous and thus the concept of implied doesnt apply here. Therefore in simple terms, a construction contracts agreement should be drafted in a manner which states all the clauses in details with regards the legal implications of the non-performance of the contract, the exchange fluctuation clause, escalation clause, and how are the contracting parties rights protected in case of breach of contract (Construction Industry Council. 2011). However although the concept of implied does not hold good in case of construction contract yet there are some clauses which automatically become applicable due to its unavoidable nature. Thus an perfect contract is one which clearly defines the rights, duties and the obligation of the contracting parties. This enables to protect them from any kind of breaches and provides solutions in case of possible conflicts. Where the contracting parties reside in two different countries with different currencies, inclusion of an exchange fluctuation clause is a must otherwise the contract would be construed as a fixed price contract. Projects with a long gestation period is the most affected due to fluctuation in currencies thus this clause aims to protect the seller or the builder in case of major fluctuations. Therefore for the seller to claim for fluctuation, the same should be mentioned in the contract agreement else the builder has not rights to halt the construction and claim for the increase. However the same can be done in case there is a mutual consent of the two parties to the contract (Arthur, 2015). The present scenario states about a contract that was entered into between a ship builder and North Ocean Tankers and that the contract consideration was to be given in dollars. The contract failed to mention any clause with regards fluctuation in the currency. But due to devaluation of the currency by 10 percent the builder seemed to suffer a loss. Hence to recover the same he asked the buyer to either pay him the exchange difference else he would stop the construction of the tanker. The buyer who had already taken a charter for the said tanker could not afford to let the same happen so agreed to pay the same and got the delivery of the tanker well on time. Now after nine months of delivery the buyer seeks remedy for the breach of contract by the seller. The said contract was a fixed price contract due to unavailability of the fluctuation clause in the contract agreement (Wilson, 2007). The price to be paid to the seller was clearly mentioned and therefore the contract was not liable to pay any exchange difference which would arise due to fluctuation. Unfortunately the buyer was in a dilemma in the said scenario because he had already taken a charter and he would have to suffer monetary as well as reputational loss if the tanker was not delivered on time by the contractor. Thus under undue pressure he agreed to the terms statd by the contractor and paid the difference and the contract was fulfilled on time and the buyer took the delivery of the tanker. Thus this is a case of mutual resolution even though a breach was conducted by the builder. The very concept of breach of contract got defeated as soon as North Ocean tankers paid to the demand made by the ship builder. But the situation would have been different if the buyer had not resorted to the demand of the ship builder and taken an action against his undue and illegal demand at the that particular point of time. He would have succeeded i a case was filed against the ship builder. He would have had dual benefit if a legal case would have been initiated (Caldwell, 2012). The seller would have had no option but to compensate the buyer for any loss that he would have had suffered due to such a demand and breach. But in this case the builder took advantage of the situation knowing very well that the buyer had already taken the charter and hence was in need of the tanker. The next important point to understand is that the damage could be claimed if the breach of contract was bought to the notice of the legal authorities at the time of occurrence of the same. However, it is to be understood that the said stance is flexible and not universal. The plaintiff may be protected in some exceptional situations. But for the same, the plaintiff has to prove that he has performed his part of the contract and there is no breach from his side. The present scenario seems to be difficult to be in favour of the buyer since considerable time has lapsed and he had resorted to his demand. An ideal situation would have been one where the buyer would not have paid to the seller and filed a suit against the seller for breach of contract to seek remedy(Kinlan, Roukema, 2011). This would have helped him to enter into a mutual consent with him wherein the loss would have been borne mutually by them. The shipbuilder performed his part of the contract on time without any delay so that the buyer doesnt suffer losses. Thus in the eyes of the law the builder has not breached the contract and demanding for a price revision due to currency fluctuations on good faith is not an illegal act. Had the buyer approached the court at the time of occurrence of the breach then the same would have been resolved through arbitration. On analysing the situation in depth it seems to be a difficult affair for the buyer to seek for a remedy specially when the tanker has already been on board for nine months now. Maximum that the buyer can ask for by filing a suit is the loss he had suffered due to fulfilling of the demand of price revision (Curtis, 2012). Therefore I would suggest that filing of a law suit would be wastage of time as well as money as the final verdict would be in favour of the ship builder. References: Arthur, J. (2015). Damages and Equitable Compensation in a Commercial Setting, [Online] Available at: https://www.gordonandjackson.com.au/uploads/documents/seminar-papers/Damages_and_Equitable_Compensation_-_John_Arthur.pdf [ accessed 26th August 2016] Arthur, L., (2015), 5 Requirements for a Contract, Available at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-requirements-contract-15616.html [Accessed 26th August 2016] Caldwell, B., (2012), Shipbuilding Contracts: The Allocation of Risk between Purchaser and Builder, Western Mariner: Canada Construction Industry Council.( 2011), Guidelines on Contract Price Fluctuation System, Available at : https://www.cic.hk/cic_data/pdf/about_cic/publications/eng/V10_6_e_V00_20111219.pdf [ Accessed 26th August 2016] Curtis, S. (2012).The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts. Fourth Edition, Oxon: Informa Law from Routledge Denicola, R. (2002), The Law of Contracts, Jones and Bartlett Learning: USA Giancaspro, M.A., (2014), For Your Consideration : Old Rules , Practical Benefit and a New Approach to Contractual Variation, A Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Law, The University of Adelaide. Gordon, J.D., (1990). A Dialogue About the Doctrine of Consideration, Cornell Law Review, vol. 75 Kinlan, D., Roukema, D., (2011), When is an Escalation Clause Necessary? Dealing with Price Fluctuations in Dredging Contracts, Terra et Aqua, vol. 125, pp. 3-9 Rembert, M.R., (1997), The Requirement of Consideration, Australian Law Journal, vol 71 Valente, D., (2010), Enforcing Promises: Consideration and Intention in the Law of Contract, (LLB (Hon) Thesis ), The University of Otago Wilson, T.J., (2007), Additional Payments under Construction Contracts, Construction Management and Economics, vol. 25

Advanced Organisational Behaviour Productive Business

Question: Describe about the Advanced Organisational Behaviour for Productive Business. Answer: 1: As per the given case study, the manager of synergis had announced of a merger between Synergis and Abacus. By the merging activity of the company the transaction-taking place, the ownership of the companies and the operating units are transferred or combined with the other company. The merger is a part of the strategic management that allows the companies to expand, alter or bring out innovation in the nature of the business and enhance the competitive position of the companies. Elliot West, the owner of Abacus decided to create an alliance with the productive firm for which it found Synergies appropriate. However, Elliot being an uneducated entrepreneur depended on the management team for the decision-making and other activities in the organisation. With the decision of merging, Elliot seemed to face certain problems regarding the effect on the employees. As Synergis was not enough centralised and the employees of Abacus had given abundant power to its employees, the company was in the risk of facing problems related to gaining control on the merged entity. In order to deal with the problem, the management team of Abacus developed a containment plan that they planned to implement after the accomplishing of the merging (McLennan, 2013). The containment plan development is the process that Abacus tries to follow in order to identify the internal and external problems faced by the company. In the meeting with Alan and Bill, when Elliot knew about the false information that Nick had been providing to him, he decided to plan another alternative containment plan. Elliot remained silent about the secret containment plan from Nick and on the other hand, he kept planning about implementing the containment plan with Nick. At the correct moment, Elliot used the strategy to disclose to Nick that the new CEO of the company would be Allan. Thus with the effective strategy, Elliot was able to take up an appropriate step towards freeing himself and the company from the influence of Nick. 2: In the case study, Abacus seemed to use more tactics and strategies than Synergies before the merging of both the companies. On the very beginning, when the companies decided to merge the business with each other, Nick mentioned to Elliot that the company needs to design certain strategies that will help them to achieve successful control over the merging of the firms. Thus based on the advice of Nick, Elliot accepted to plan a containment plan that would be implemented after the merging of the business. However, on the other hand Alan and Bill were concerned about the implementation of the containment plan by Abacus. Synergis were concerned as the implementation of containment plan by the managers of Abacus would result in the decrease in the power of Bill. The containment plan of Abacus intended to replace the senior staff of Synergies by the middle managers of Abacus. This would benefit Abacus, as the cost of merging for the company would be reduced. Therefore, Abacus decided to implement the containment strategy plan after the merging of the companies in order to gain competitive advantage over Synergis. After hearing the implementation plan, Bill and Alan met with Elliot to enquire and discuss about the plan. In the meeting, Elliot further became aware that Nick had been planning strategies against Elliot to claim the higher position of CEO in the company. In order to save the company from the negative influence of Nick, Elliot took on foot decision to combine with the owners and managers of Synergis in order to plan an alternative containment plan (Goethals et al., 2013). From the detailed study of the case, it can be opined that the strategy used by Elliot had been more successful. He had been able to achieve the appropriate outcome for the merging of the companies. Keeping the alternative plan secret from Nick minimised the risk, as Nick was incapable of planning other strategy to reach his objectives. 3: The company uses both legitimate and illegitimate political behaviour within the workplace. By legitimate political behaviour in the organisation, it refers to the daily politics that takes place within the company. On the other hand, the illegitimate political behaviour is the power and leadership within the organisation. In case of this situation both, the legitimate and illegitimate political behaviour has been simultaneously used in the companies. In Abacus there has been presence of legitimate political behaviour as Nick, the managing manager of had been providing false information to Elliot, the owner of the company. Since, Elliot was not well educated, he completely relied on Nick. Taking the opportunity, Nick tried to carry out politics that could help him to achieve the higher position in the organisation. Although, Nick recommended Elliot to develop a containment plan for the time after the merging so that the an effective control can be achieved, he was successful in convincing the staffs of Abacus that he has been the driving force of the company and had more importance than Elliot (Lasswell, 2013). Thus, this can be considered as one of the legitimate political behaviour in the organisation. The leaders of Synergis of cooperative with each other they try to consult each other before making any organisational decisions (Frohlich Oppenheimer, 2015). As per the case study, Bill tried to understand the issues faced by Al an because of the merging decision with Abacus. Both the companies discussed in the case study are different from each other in context of political behaviour. As in Abacus politics play a significant role that influence the outcomes of the organisation, there is legitimacy political behaviour identified in the organisation (Dowse, 2013). Synergis on the other side perform open and widespread politics. A number of factors are present in the organisation that influences the political behaviour of both the organisation. Factors such as individual factors, organisational factors add to the presence of political behaviour (Ainsworth, 2014). Thus, after the merging of the company it can be stated that that Synabis will be having both legitimate and illegitimate political behaviour in the company simultaneously. 4: Alan implements the democratic leadership style in Synergis that helps the company to achieve the organisational goals. The democratic leadership is also known as the participative leadership that allows the employees and other members of the organisation to participate in the organisational activities and the decision-making of the company (Beck Cowan, 2014) Alan has been able to gain popularity and respect within the organisation, as he has been a passionate believer in making clear and transparent communication with the employee and the management. Alan further implements up-front management style. This management style makes Alan easily approachable to the employees (Gold et al., 2013). The employees are satisfied with the management as they are sure that whatever the decision be, Alan would stand beside them. Further, the leadership style used by Alan helps the employees to participate in the decision-making. Alan is therefore able to increase the effectiveness of the decision-making process with the help of the democratic leadership. The employee satisfaction level is also enhanced, as the employees are able to effectively participate in delivering high organisational performance (Chhokar, Brodbeck House, 2013). The capabilities, skills and knowledge of the employees are utilised to the maximum level. Alan uses the leadership style to identify the individual capabilities of the employees. Among the several leadership theories, the most effective theory that could be applied to Alan is the contingency theory. The contingency theory in the organisation claims that there is no specific best way for the company in order to lead the organisation. The effectiveness of the leaders depends upon the particular situation faced by the leaders (Daft, 2014). This gives rise to two factors such as the leadership style and situational favourableness. Moreover, two leadership styles can be outlined from the contingency theory namely task-motivated and relationship-motivated leadership. With the implementation of the contingency model in the organisation, Alan would be able to achieve a number of advantages such as choosing the appropriate and effective leaders for the organisation who will be able to guide the employees in the right direction. Alan will further be able to use the model as a tool to build up groups by altering the variables present in the organisation. A wealth of mat erials is present with the leader while implementing the contingency theory (Dooley, 2014). Nevertheless, if Alan uses the contingency model of leadership in the organisation, the model will allow ballpark results that are flexible in nature. The flexibility allows the leaders to achieve a wide range of effective relationship between the management and the employees. Merging of the companies require effective leadership as the leaders need to manage the perception of the employees of both the companies. Therefore, the contingency theory is effective in helping the managers and Alan to manage the new organisation, Synabis. References Ainsworth, J. (2014). Organisational Behaviour Theories and Their Relevance to the practice of Stage Management in a Theatrical Setting, a Discussion. Beck, D. E., Cowan, C. (2014).Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley Sons. Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Dooley, K. (2014). Organisational Behaviour: Business Models for a Profitable and Sustainable Future.Journal of Social Sciences (COESRJ-JSS),3(1), 247-257. Dowse, R. E. (2013). Political Behaviour: Parties, Groups and Elections.Political Science (Routledge Library Editions: Political Science Volume 14): An Outline For The Intending Student of Government, Politics and Political Science,14, 126. Frohlich, N., Oppenheimer, J. A. (2015).Political leadership and collective goods. Princeton University Press. Goethals, G., Allison, S., Kramer, R., Messick, D. (Eds.). (2014).Conceptions of leadership: Enduring ideas and emerging insights. Springer. Gold, J., Holden, R., Iles, P., Stewart, J., Beardwell, J. (Eds.). (2013).Human resource development: Theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Lasswell, H. D. (2013).The analysis of political behaviour(Vol. 2). Routledge. McLennan, R. (2013).Cases in organisational behaviour. Routledge.

Hemingway, In The Old Man And The Sea , Examines The Struggles Of Man

Hemingway, in The Old Man and the Sea , examines the struggles of man and nature through the eyes of the protagonist, Santiago. Santiago senses his place in nature. Although he respects and loves her, he is constantly battling her. The old man, formerly called Santiago, is a wise, simple, enduring, and understanding person. The old man knows he must fish to live, but it saddens him that he must kill them sometimes because of their magnificence. An example being the Marlin in this story, he considers him a brother, but yet he has to kill him. He compares the Marlin to another male marlin he has encountered (pg.69). The marlin he recalls had let his mate feed first. Then Santiago caught the female marlin and she panicked but while she swam around the male stayed right with her. Even after she was brought up he swam by the boat until at last he jumped up to see his mate one last time and dove into the depths of the ocean. The old man and the boy, who parallels the old man in the conflict, felt bad. They promptly begged her pardon and butchered her. During the story he also remembers arm wrestling with a Negro from Ceinfuegos (pg. 69). He recalls the bets that were placed and how the Negro had been so sure he would win. Santiago thinks how he held the Negro for one whole night and one whole day. The referees took four hour shifts and on Monday he finally took the Negro down. At that point the old man decided he could do anything he wanted to if he put his mind and body to it. He was referred to as the champion for a while after that. The final struggle starts with a large circle and slowly turned into a short line. Short enough so the man could see the Marlin (pg. 86). Santiago stares on in disbelief, he never thought it would be this big. Sure he had seen it before, but he had no idea that it would be two to three times as big as the skiff. As the Marlin's tail starts to hit the line, the old man knew the Marlin was starting to feel the pain. Santiago gives him some line each time he hit it for the pain could drive the Marlin mad, which the old man did not want. After a long struggle (close to 6 hours), the old man finally had the Marlin. He did regret killing him but knew he had complete his task. It is apparent the old man has gained much wisdom through past experiences. Santiago also has a lot of common sense, or simplicity, as you can see by how he decided that there was nothing he could not do after he beat the Negro in arm wrestling. The old man also shows endurance by staying with the Marlin for two and a half days. He is also very understanding by the way he feels sorry for having to kill the Marlin that was his brother.

My Left Foot, The Elephant Man, And Mask Essays - Fiction, Film

My Left Foot, The Elephant Man, And Mask Essays - Fiction, Film My Left Foot, The Elephant Man, And Mask My Left Foot, The Elephant Man, and Mask The Movies My Left Foot, The Elephant Man, and Mask are all movies about people with disabilities. These three movies depict the lives of three men and the way society treats them and their disabilities. My Left Foot is about a man who can only use his left foot because of cerebral palsy and alcoholism. The Elephant Man is about a man who has very large, severe tumors on his whole body. Mask is about a young man who has a very large face that looks almost like he's wearing a mask. Society doesn't realize how important the little things are to people with disabilities. The Elephant Man, John Merrick, was displayed in a freak show as a beast. He was really a very gentle man who loved everyone, the only thing wrong with him, was he wasn't as healthy or pretty as everyone else in society. Society basically avoided him, and when they did see him, they ran, screamed, pointed, or stared. John dealt with his disability by locking himself out from the world. One day, he went to the opera, and that was the most important thing in his life. Many people take things like going to the opera for granted, but to John, there couldn't have been a greater pleasure. In the movie Mask, Rocky was a boy with a disfigured face. Doctor's told him that he was going to die, since he was three, but he lived for much longer than three years. Rocky was a very nice boy, and a lot of people liked him. Society looked at him as a funny creature because of his large face, but because of his strength, he made most people get past that and see the real him. Rocky had a great attitude and was very big on joking around, so he used comedy as his defense in tough situations. I think to Rocky one of the most important things he got to do was go to a school with normal children. Most people don't realize how important being with normal people is when you're disadvantaged. In the movie My Left Foot, Christy Brown was forced to overcome cerebral palsy and alcoholism. Society was very rude to Christy and many people looked down upon him in the beginning. He became a world-renowned author and artist. The most important thing to Christy was being able to write and draw due to his disability of only using his left foot. Many people can write, but few are forced to do it with only their left foot. Society doesn't realize how important the little things are to people with disabilities. All three of these movies were very good. I think they depicted the disabilities of the characters well. I believed that every one of these actors had the disabilities that they were acting the part of. Movies like this kind of make you think about how good you have things and how lucky you are. Many of us take too many things for granted and these movies make you step back and look at life and how good you have things.

Article Review - Educational Instructional Practices, Programs, and Essay - 1

Article Review - Educational Instructional Practices, Programs, and Strategies - Essay Example The research centered on a large urban school district with special emphasis on high –need schools. Specifically, the study focused on the success of the no child left behind government policy. To succeed, the government introduced the Adequate Yearly Progress program to ensure the decline in the number of uneducated children. The instructional strategy/program AND the research that assessed its effectiveness is based on surveys. The findings indicate that missing school has a direct destructive effect on the teacher’s strive to increase the students’ academic performance. Likewise, the prolonged absences trigger a persistent negative relationship between excessive absences from class lessons to performance. The research focused on the academic performance of elementary school students. The research centered on the focused on setting up drastic school measures to address the decline in the student’s academic performances. Further, the study focused on the relationship between absences and academic performance. First, the study tracked five cohorts of elementary school children for a period of six consecutive years. The study centered on the siblings’ progress over a period of six consecutive years. The six years included elementary, middle school, and high school. The policy implications on absence behavior could be derived in terms of which data –based decisions. Second, the research zeroed in on both math and reading standardized tests. The research determined the effects of absences on the students’ noncognitive areas such as behavior issues. The study showed that the absentee students feel alienated from their classmates when they enter the classroom. In addition, several absentee students feel the presence of a gap between themselves and the teachers. The concept of the research was very good. The researchers

Data Collection Tools, Methods, and Challenges Essay

Data Collection Tools, Methods, and Challenges - Essay Example Qualitative and quantitative research techniques are designed for different audiences: policymakers both in private and in government, funding agencies, academicians, various stakeholders and project clients. The following is a discussion of various tools of data collection in both qualitative and quantitative research and challenges faced in each. Qualitative research interview is one of the most commonly utilized data collection tool in qualitative research. Qualitative research interviews can be categorized as structured, semi-structured and in-depth. According to Holloway (2005), the aim of a qualitative research interview is to find out, in the perspective of the insider, their thoughts, feelings, perceptions and feelings. Interviews are flexible and very effective tools when there is need to reveal information on how a single individual views the world. The only challenge with use of interview as a tool of collecting qualitative research data is that it is time consuming thus t here is need for preparation, transcription and scheduling for interview. Focus group is the second tool and it refers to a group discussion often on a particular topic that has been organized for purposes of research and is monitored, guided and recorded by a facilitator, researcher or moderator. Unlike qualitative research interviews, focus groups are best used when researcher wants to generate information on the collective views of a group and what such views mean in real sense (Onwuegbuzie et al 2009). It is time effective but less flexible since the focus group may influence the result from shy individuals within the group. The dynamics of the individuals may also interfere with accurate and complete data (Onwuegbuzie et al, 2009). A standardized test is one of the commonly used tools in quantitative data collection and refers to tests that are administered and scored in a consistent manner.

Pay Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pay Structure - Essay Example This will also help create an insight of the company’s payment plan. I will also analyze the compensation structure where the employees stand to receive their salaries depending on their roles, duties and distinctive responsibilities. In this aspect, I will seek to find out whether the company distributes salaries fairly to every employee irrespective of their social status (Foubert, 2010). This will help me find out any instance of gender or minority discrimination. I will seek to establish whether the company has a rewarding system, such as bonuses for work well done. I will also find out whether the company distributes rewards fairly to its employees. I will delve into the promotion process of the company, which is a crucial part of establishing incidences of fairness or elements of discrimination in the company (Foubert, 2010). Additionally, I will weigh the promotion system of the company against the present-day market standards in order to establish true and valid gender or minority based

International Relations Essays Global Culture

International Relations Essays Global Culture What is meant by a global culture and how and why do transnational corporations seek to promote such a culture? A global culture can be seen in one of two ways. One suggests that today’s communications and technologies allow a more open spread of culture around the world – people in far corners of the globe are able to be aware of and share each others culture. It is a view that sees global culture as generally positive – something that encourages diversity and a mixing of culture and has enabled people around the world to overcome national boundaries to embrace common causes. The more common perception of global culture is that of a Western, predominantly American culture gradually imposing itself around the world, often to the detriment of long established local cultures. For analysts opposed to globalisation this type of global culture is slowly killing diversity and devastating traditional ways of life. Scholte suggests that this viewpoint is that: â€Å"Globalisation introduces a single world culture centred on consumerism, mass media, Americana and the English language† (p23 Scholte 2000). It is this type of global culture in particular that transnational companies are linked to and are generally happy to promote. Transnational companies have become economic superpowers as globalisation has spread and the development of a global culture is seen to benefit them economically. Certainly the potential wealth that the transnationals can offer to indigenous populations can take precedence over the upholding of local tradition and culture. The basic human desire to accumulate wealth can often override cultural, ethnic and religious factors when transnational companies set their sights on economic expansion in a particular area. A global culture involves the spread of popular cultural icons around the globe, often diluting and overriding local cultures with the threat that the vast cultural diversity that the world offers will one day be submerged beneath a dull uniformity. Advances in technology and communications have helped propagate cultural globalisation. Digital communication, satellite television and the Internet are methods of communication that can overcome any national boundaries or government control – as Held and McGrew write: â€Å"Many national controls over information have become ineffective. People everywhere are exposed to the values of other cultures as never before† (p17, Held and McGrew 2003). Deregulation of media ownership along with technological advances combined in the latter decades of the twentieth century to allow the largest media companies to establish networks in many countries. This media influence gives companies the opportunity to promote their own cultural preferences and it is notable that the global media is dominated by the same eight transnational media companies that dominate the US media: General Electric, ATT Media, Disney, Time Warner, Sony, News Corporation, Viacom Seagram and Bertelsmann (p261 Held and McGrew 2003). These companies aggressively seek to become global players – the US market is largely developed and the global markets provide better opportunities for expansion and getting ahead of the competition – Time Warner predict that non-US sales will yield the majority of their revenue within the next decade. With the global expansion of US media companies comes the global expansion of US culture. The power of Hollywood is one of the prime examples of cultural globalisation with an American agenda. A seemingly endless line of films promoting an American cultural and political agenda emanate from Hollywood and have driven independent film making in many regions either out of business or underground. Some countries such as Norway, Mexico and South Africa have seen government subsidies try to support domestic film production companies, whilst the success of the Indian ‘Bollywood’ film industry is one of few examples of cinema audiences resisting the spread of a global culture. The economic benefits to the transnationals can be huge. Cable and digital television channels across the globe are owned by the major transnational companies and are hugely important parts of their revenue streams. Major Hollywood studios were expecting revenue from global TV rights to their film librarie s to have exceeded $11 billion by the end of 2002 (p261 Held and McGrew 2003). The marketing power of the transnational companies ensures that the values, brands and culture of the US are spread globally. Some of the largest brands generate money that outstrips many national economies – Coca Cola’s brand for example was estimates by a brand consultancy to be worth $68.9 billion. (p119 Legrain 2002) The continuing expansion of such brands through the development of a global culture is something certain to boost the profits of the transnationals. Writers on globalisation such as Naomi Klein in particular link brands to global culture and the influence of the transnationals. She writes: â€Å"Power, for a brand-driven company, is not attained by collecting assets per se, but by projecting one’s brand idea onto as many surfaces of the culture as possible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (New Statesman 24 Jan 2000). This view of those opposed to globalisations suggests that propelling popular cultural icons into established cultures and forcing homogenous culture to take a back seat to Western culture is very much the aim of transnational companies.   Certainly, the marginalisation and dilution of local cultures through the efforts of Western media and brand marketing is a concern. Lloyd Fernando writes ominously: â€Å"The world is truly eclectic and simultaneous these days and Marshal Macluhan’s deterministic vision of us all being plugged into one vast electrical organism like domestic animals at a a trough is far too close for us to laugh at† (P111 Mittelman and Othman 2001). The spread of the English language is another aspect of a global culture that transnational companies promote. In addition to Western films, music and media being promoted across the globe in an attempt to dominate popular culture, the ability to speak English is becoming seen as practically a necessity to get on in many of the world’s poorer nation – financial and economic institutions worldwide are adopting English and it is increasingly difficult to operate in the world’s markets without the language. Mandal states: â€Å"Globalizers actively promote English as a purely functional and even neutral language that is synonymous with economic growth, technological advancement and modernity as a whole† (p120 Mittelman and Othman 2001) and it is clear that non-governmental organisations such as the IMF and World Bank largely support the transnational companies in their promotion of English as a global language. Much of their analysis of the economic crisis in South East Asia in the 1990s suggests that the countries in the region that recovered best were those that had made the most progress in introducing the English language into the culture.   Across the globe, governments are accepting this aspect of global culture – in South Korea large scale English villages are being developed for locals to immerse themselves into the language, whilst the Mongolian government, in a country landlocked by Russia and China has announced long term plans to make English its primary second language. One of the greatest fears of those opposed to cultural globalisation is that it offers English speaking and western culture as something to aspire to whilst abandoning traditional culture. Hirst and Thompson write that: â€Å"National cultures that aim to be dominant over the individual that belong to them are increasingly projects of resistance to and retreat from the world† (p266 Hirst and Thompson 2000) – in effect, people and cultures that do not embrace the Western led global culture are seen as conservative, suspicious and most probably less likely to see investment from transnational companies. Globalisation is not going to go away, neither are the huge transnational companies. Some see the growth of a global culture and the wealth and opportunity that these huge organisations can bring as something for which diversity of culture can be sacrificed. They also argue, correctly, that people wherever they live do have a choice. Whatever the power of western marketing, if people across the globe choose to maintain their own culture and reject global or western culture, they have the power to do so. Others continue to argue that cultural globalisation in itself promotes diversity and a respect for other cultures. Those opposed to globalisation remain strongly opposed to the spread of the stereotypical McDonalds and Coke culture that personifies Western and particularly American culture. For transnational companies, profits are the bottom line and continual expansion across the globe is one of the best ways to ensure that they continue to make a profit. Transnational companies, ri ghtly or wrongly, have little concern for the protection of local culture – if a global culture will ensure that more of their products are sold, they will continue to promote it.   Bibliography Jan Aart Scholte, Globalization – A Critical Introduction, Macmillan Press Limited, London 2002 Philippe Legrain, Open World: The Truth About Globalisation, Abacus, Great Britain, 2002 Robert McChesney, The New Global Media in Held and McGrew The Global Transformations Reader, Polity Press, Cambridge 2002 Naomi Klein, Tyranny of the Brands, article New Statesman, 24 January 2000 James H Mittelman and Norani Othman, Capturing Globalisation, Routledge, London 2001 Paul Hirst and Grahame Thompson, Globalisation in Question, Polity Press, Cambridge 2000 Christopher Cook, Human Dignity Needs Protection, article at www.populist.com/00.2.cook.html

Fasting: Body Cleansing or Starving Essay -- Health Religion Papers

Fasting: Body Cleansing or Starving The Purpose of Fasting Fasting is a body cleansing procedure during which food is restricted and only liquids are consumed. Strictly water fasts are the most brutal; herbal teas and juices made from fresh fruits and vegetables are consumed during a more liberal fast. Juice fasting is the preferred method amongst many doctors and European fasting clinics, perhaps because it is less harsh than other treatment plans. Today in the Western Hemisphere, many chronic health problems result from bad eating habits. There are a mix of people who are over-nourished, malnourished, or both. We eat chemically altered, high-fat toxic foods that do not provide a sufficient amount of essential vitamins and minerals to our bodies. Clogging of the eliminative systems with excess mucous is thought to sustain congestive diseases. Ineffective digestion and poor nourishment result in vitamin and mineral deficiencies. A well-balanced diet can overcome this health crisis. A diet of raw foods and fluids helps cleanse the body, and fasting takes the cleansing a step further. Every fasting method, suited individually to a person’s needs, cleanses toxins from the person’s body. The nutrients in fresh juice provide energy and support to the body while stimulating the detoxification process by clearing waste from its systems. This detoxification process is an important corrective process in our nutritional cycle. We allow our body to breathe and naturally cleanse itself. (Haas) The Ancient Practice of Fasting The history of fasting goes back thousands of years. Many religions, including Christianity, Judaism, and Eastern religions used and still use fasting as a healing process for spiritual purifica... ...an Anti-Aging Strategy- Is it Still Safe? Found at www.healthy.net/library/articles/chaitow/fasting.htm. Chaitow, L. Fasting, Mono-diets and Raw Food Days.Found at www.healthy.net/library/books/chaitow/chap13.htm. Haas, E. Fasting. Found at www.healthy.net/hwlibrarybooks/haas/detox/fasting.htm. Kernt, P. et al, ‘Fasting: the history, pathophysiology, and complications" Western Journal of Medicine (1982) 137:379-99 Kjeldsen-Kragh, J. et al, ‘Controlled trial of fasting and one-year vegetarian diet in Rheumatoid Arthritis’ Lancet (1991) 899-904. NaturalDoc: Fasting and Health Vacations. Found at www.naturaldoc.com/. Protein and Nitrogen Homeostasis. Found at http://medtstgo.ucdavis.edu/endo/lecture/metProNit.htm True, G.N. How Fasting Can Slow You Down. Found at www.netasia.net/users/truehealth/Fasting.htm.

Mrs. Acres Homemade Pies and Soft Drink

Mrs. Acres Homemade Pies and Soft Drink Joaquin Angles BUS 508 The Business Enterprise 04/23/2010 The company produces specialty pies and sells them in local supermarkets and select family restaurants. In each of the first six months, Shelly and three part time employees sold 2,000 pies for $4. 50 each, netting a profit of $1. 50 per pie. The pies were quite successful and Shelly could not keep up with demand. The company's success results from a quality product and productive employees who are motivated by incentives and who enjoy being part of a successful new business.To meet demand, Shelly expanded operations, borrowing money and increasing staff to four full-time employees. Production and sales increased to 8,000 pies per month, and profits soared to $12,000 per month. However, demand for Mrs. Acres Homemade Pies continues to accelerate beyond what Shelly can supply. She has several options: (1) maintain current production levels and raise prices; (2) expand the facility and sta ff while maintaining the current price; or (3) contract the production of the pies to a national restaurant chain, giving Shelly a percentage of profits with minimal involvement.When Shelly Acres started selling her pies, she had to find her own customers. None of the local restaurants and supermarkets knew her products, so she had to offer an affordable product to interest restaurants and supermarkets in her products. As demand increased, Shelly started producing more pies to meet this demand. At the moment, she cannot supply all the demand. A way to decrease this demand is to increase prices. She can also increase the production level to meet the demand.The first option implies that Shelly’s company is not going to grow since its current size will be maintained by keeping an artificially high price. The second solution requires Shelly to find the resources to finance the expansion of her activities. The third option leads Shelly to lose her specific know-how by providing it to the national restaurant chain. It also implies that Shelly does not own her business any longer. In economics we classify goods as â€Å"tangible† products, example might include food and drink, cars, digital televisions, flat-screen televisions, energy roducts and cricket bats! Services are sometimes known as intangibles, education and health-care are two important services and tourism, business consultancy, cleaning and home insurance are all examples of services. A soft-drink manufacturer produces several flavors of drink for example, cola, orange, and lemon. Each flavor has several versions such as regular, diet, and caffeine-free. The manufacturer operates factories in several states. You have input records that list version, flavor, yearly production in gallons, and state (for example: Regular Cola 5000 Kansas).The aim of segmentation in consumer markets is to bring the focus on to manageable groups of like-minded individuals who have a high disposition for a produc t. Coca-Cola has customers who want low cost drinks for consumption at home. It has customers who want a mixer or a non-alcoholic drink in a bar. It has customers who are hot and thirsty and want a cool refresher outside the Duomo in Florence. The same consumers may at various times join one of the segments and when they do, they will see the product in a different light and value it in a different way.In business-to-business markets the aim of segmentation is similarly to arrive at clusters of like-minded companies. There is a very strong pressure to use segmentation in business-to-business markets to win a competitive advantage as there is often little to differentiate one product from another. Segmentation therefore links strongly with a strategy to achieve a sustainable differentiated position. References: highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/dl/free/†¦ /ferrell_walkthrough. pdf http://www. b2binternational. com/library/whitepapers/whitepapers03. php

ICE Practice 1 Essay

ICE Practice 1 Essay ICE Practice 1 Essay Practice Identifying ICE Go to the document that your team was assigned†¦ ⠝â€" Highlight the Introduction in YELLOW ⠝â€" Highlight the Quote in RED ⠝â€" Highlight the Explaination in BLUE ⠝â€" Then answer the question that follows Team 1 Sacrifice is a theme in Myers’ â€Å"Kitty and Mack: A Love Story.† For instance, Kitty is an intelligent girl with a very promising academic future. However, after Mack is shot, she stops going to school in order to show Mack how much she loves him. For example, Kitty tells her grandFather, â€Å"I decided to stay home from now on and take care of Mack (p 96)†. In other words, in order to help Mack through this difficult time, Kitty is willing to sacrifice her education. What type of citation is this? How do you know? Direct, the citation is only at the end of the quote. ` Team 2 Ralph is described as athletic, and charismatic in the Lord of the Flies. He was also the one who brought the rest of the boys together with the blowing of the conch. It seemed only natural that he would be elected the leader of the bos at the beginning of the nove. Piggy and Jack could also have been elected the leaders. But as the boys are deciding who to elect, Ralph is observed as having more to offer than the othersÍ ¾ â€Å"But there was a stillness about Ralph as he sat that marked him out: there was his size, and attractive appearanceÍ ¾ and most obscurely, yet most powerfully, there was the conch (Golding, 22) What type of citation is this? How do you know? direct because the quote is at the end Team 3 Leper Leppelier is a soft ­spoken, sensitive boy whose gentle personality and naive view of the world doesn’t fit in easily at Devon and eventually led him to join the army without understanding the terrors he will face there. While the other boys are playing blitzball, Leper tags along on the perimeter of the game, oblivious to the competition. During chapel, Leper makes sketches of birds and trees in his book. Leper loves nature. During the first heavy snow at Devon, as the boys are on their way to help shovel snow, Leer stays behind on his touring skis looking to find a beaver dam. Leer is so naive that when the boys watch an army recruiting film that features pristine mountains and crisp white slopes with army skiers, he decides to enlist. The ski movie had decided him. â€Å"I always thought the war would come for me when it wanted me,† he said when it came to say goodbye the last day (Knowles, 126). he doesn’t understand what he will face. He believes the propaganda in the film and expects to find the same beauty that is portrayed there once he gets to the front. When confronted with the gruesome reality of war, he cannot handle it. Leeper sends a telegram to Gene telling that he is at Christmas location, his home in Vermont. He has been released on a Section 8 discharge, insane and emotionally unable to handle the horror that he has witnessed. What type of citation is this? How do you know? embedded citation Team 4 When describing the character

How to address members of the Government in a letter

How to address members of the Government in a letter Writing to the Government Will you have something you just have to say to the next government of this country? It seems fitting somehow (not sure why) to follow-up our last blog with a quick clarification on how to write to MPs. After all, the wait is nearly over. The campaigning is all but finished. We know the results are a tough one to call, and that whoever rises victorious from the hustings will have some tough calls to make. So if youre interested in sharing opinions, suggestions, recommendations, congratulations, or even a selection of budget recipes with whichever party (or parties) makes it past the post, heres how to do it. Its considerably more straightforward than politics. Prime Minister For the new/re-elected PM, begin your epistle, Dear Mr [insert surname here], or even more simply: Dear Prime Minister. Finish Yours sincerely. The Cabinet For the rest of the Cabinet, its just Dear [appointment]. For example, Dear Minister, Dear Home Secretary, Dear Lord Chancellor, Dear Under-Secretary and so forth. If the appointment in question is particularly long-winded, its better to use their name. Yours sincerely is the sign-off. Envelopes Members of the Cabinet are known as Right Honourable. The formula for addressing them on the envelope is: The Rt Hon [title] [name] [honours], MP, [appointment/position] Bear in mind they may not have a title (eg Sir), or any honours (for example, KBE, CBE etc). So the next PMs envelope would read (in your best handwriting): The Rt Hon [Gordon Brown/David Cameron/Nick Clegg/Shock outsider], MP, Prime Minister. Democracy Now, after youve written your X, youll be well-equipped to write anything else you feel you must. Before then, of course, theres just the small matter of counting the votes. And you can also always have your say on what appears here. Just leave a comment below, or contact us directly. Write Now aims to address any questions you may have about business writing: blogging with the people, for the people. Image credit:derwiki / Pixabay

Computer game Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Computer game - Term Paper Example Computers have become inevitable for human beings since they assist man in almost all aspects of his daily routine and his life if previewed overall. Whether it is work or leisure computers have been part of man's every unit time of life he spends since the last decade. While on one hand computers are mainly used to lessen man's workload and to increase perfection and accuracy in tasks, on the other hand they are a source of pleasure and entertainment. The latter is provided by social networking, listening to music, watching videos and playing computer games, just to mention a few. This research paper aims to address the concept and effectiveness of computer games. It further aims to discuss the ethical implications associated with computer games and also the environmental, economical, societal, global and cultural considerations associated with computer games. BACKGROUND The advent of computer games started with small scale simple mathematical games. As the advent of computers thems elves was a fascinations, the computer games also enjoyed that fame. The transition from paper based games to digital gaming was hailed warmly by elders and youngsters alike. The computer games became an addiction and due to their timely responses interactive user friendly interfaces it was hard to make people revert to ordinary and contemporary gaming methods. Computer Games "(Electronics & Computer Science / Computer Science) any of various games, recorded on cassette or disc for use in a home computer, that are played by manipulating a mouse, joystick, or the keys on the keyboard of a computer in response to the graphics on the screen" (The Free Dictionary) The very first computer game was built in the year 1952 by A.S. Douglas as a part of his PhD degree thesis. The computerized animation of Tic-Tac-Toe game was the very first game to be built from where there was no turning back. Exactly two decades later the very first stand alone gaming console was built which could be bought home and played. Ralph Baer was the designer of this first commercial computer gaming venture that name of which was Odyssey. The advent of formal video game dates back to the middle of the 1990s. The popularity of video games has grown since then at a very rapid rate. These video games are, in the present times, inevitable for every household that has adolescents or youngsters in it. Majority of the youngsters prefer to play video games over any other leisure activity and rather tend to indulge in them for unlimited periods of time. Around sixty percent of the American Citizens indulge in playing video games and the average age of the majority of players is 28 years. Impacts Dr. C. Shawn Green, a renowned psychologist of University of Wisconsin, is quoted saying that, â€Å"Video games change your brain. So does learning to read, playing the piano, or navigating the streets of London, which have all been shown to change the brain's physical structure. The powerful combination of concentration and rewarding surges of neurotransmitters like dopamine strengthen neural circuits in much the same the way that exercise builds muscles.† (Hotz, â€Å"When Gaming is Good for You†) Generally the parents get frowned over their kids when it comes to respond on the issue of computer games or video games. They unknowingly term these games as wastage of time and money, injurious to health, mind corroding, socially harmful and violence propagating. The analysis behind these conclusions seems

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Macroeconomics - Essay Example nd to alarmingly rise if the inflation rate hits 5 or 6 percent; consequently, when levels climb to double digit levels {as it did in the mid/late 1970s}, there was little surprise that Americans named inflation as the ‘public enemy number one’(Hellerstein). Recently, the U.S. has experienced low and stable rates of inflation {3.4% in 2005 and 3.2% in 2006} (Jensen); this has given rise to speculation among policy makers about achieving zero percent inflation. Yes, I recommend the central bank to aim for zero inflation. The main reason is that zero inflation is best suited to achieve what every international monetary policy strives for – maximum sustainable growth via the price stability conduit. This advice was put forward by Alan Greenspan, who had a distinguished career as Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006 {he was succeeded in August 2006 by present Chairman Ben Bernanke}. Greenspan repeated this advice many times during his 18 year career under 4 U.S. Presidents, namely, â€Å"the fundamental aim of the Fed is maximum sustainable growth over time; the primary role of monetary policy in the pursuit of this goal is to foster price stability.† Economists deduced that Greenspan meant price stability will be achieved when economic growth is increased to the maximum ‘with a stable price level’ {meaning zero inflation}. Greenspan confirmed their deduction during the July 1996 FOMC meeting when he sa id a zero inflation level would no longer alter decision – making. The famous Greenspan principle â€Å"maximum sustainable economic growth is accomplished at zero inflation† was born (Rasche et al.). Price stability should always remain as the explicit key objective for Federal Reserve Monetary Policy. There are several reasons for this. Price stability encourages economic growth; it reduces interest rates, stabilizes financial markets and those economic sectors affected by interest rates; it creates an environment that permits money and the

General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 Term Paper

General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 - Term Paper Example Eventually, the impact of GARA 1994 on the socio-economic welfare of the manufacturers of general aviation aircraft before and after the Act was enacted will be thoroughly discussed. About General Aviation Revitalization Act (GARA) of 1994 With the purpose of amending the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, the General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 (GARA)1 was enacted (Angelley, 2011; Clinton, 1994). Under GARA of 1994, the term â€Å"general aviation† includes all types of aircrafts with no more than 20 passengers that had received an airworthiness certificate from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (Kovarik, 2008; Clinton, 1994; Kister, 1998). The said Act applies to all aircrafts 18 years old or more when the accident happens (Angelley, 2011; Clinton, 1994). GARA is an Act of Congress that was made under the Senate Bill S. 1458 – 103rd Congress. Aside from preserving the rights of the pilots and passengers, the main reason why the Act was created is to protect the aircraft manufacturers from the prolonged adverse socio-economic impact of product liability in small aircrafts of not more than 20 passengers (Angelley, 2011; Kister, 1998). ... In fact, the enactment of GARA 1994 has made a lot of general aviation aircraft victims and their attorneys become frustrated for failing to receive justice for losing the lives of their loved ones or facing the consequences of physical injuries caused by the general aviation aircraft accidents (Kovarik, 2008). The main purpose of implementing the GARA of 1994 is to create some exceptions wherein the general aviation manufacturers can be protected from the risks of lawsuits caused by manufacturing designs created more than 18 years since the aircraft was released from the warehouse of general aviation companies2. On top of the number of years when the general aviation aircraft was manufactured, other important considerations that will not protect the general aviation manufacturers under the GARA of 1994 include the following conditions: (1) in case the manufacturer of general aviation aircraft can prove that there has been a misrepresentation or withheld information coming from the F AA that could somehow have triggered the plane to crash; (2) in case the victims of the plane crash is a passenger who is at the time of the crash receiving emergency or medical treatment; (3) in case the person who died or was physically injured in the plane crash was not a passenger of the aircraft; and (4) in case the lawsuit has a written warranty that directly involve a specific aircraft3 (Angelley, 2011; Kovarik, 2008). With regards to the future maintenance requirements of the aircraft, the said Act does not protect the owners of the general aviation aircraft for not being able to perform their responsibility in maintaining the quality of the aircraft’s engine

James Hurst’s short story “The Scarlet Ibis” Essay Example for Free

James Hurst’s short story â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† Essay People with pride always do the right things. Sometimes they can make they pride better, but they are cover with a sorrow in their mind for what they have done. These people often have a happy life, but they are holding sadness. In James Hurst’s short story â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† Brother helps Doodle because it makes Brother feel good about himself. Helping Doodle makes Brother feel good because he was embarrass for having a handicap brother. For instance, bother was ashamed for â€Å"having a brother of that age who couldn’t walk. †(557).This shows that brother hates Doodle because Doodle cannot walk. This also shows that brother did not want Doodle to be alive because he was embarrassed for having a cripple brother. An example of Brother embarrassed because of Doodle was when he â€Å"having a cripple brother.†(559).This show that Brother was mad about Doodle could not walk. This also shows that people could kill someone for their pride. Another example of Brother was embarrass for having a handicap brother was when Brother taught Doodle how to walk and saying that the people â€Å" did not know that I did it for myself.†(558). This shows that brother was helping Doodle to walk. When Doodle started walking, he was not embarrassed anymore because he having a normal brother now. This also shows that Brother take his own hand to help Doodle, but he did it for his pride. Brother was a bad person for what he had done for his pride, but not for Doodle. Brother was selfish for what he had done for himself. This visualized how Doodle had trying hard to learn to walk for Brother pride. Brother help Doodle to do thing and it makes him feel good because the other people were happy for what he had done. For instance, the family was happy because Brother â€Å" had taught him how to walk.†(559).This shows that Doodle start walking makes the family and Brother really happy. This also shows that Doodle was not thinks that Brother taught him how to walk because of Brother pride. Another example about the family was happy about what brother had done was when the family hugs Brother, so he â€Å"began to cry.†(559).this shows that brother was happy to have a normal brother, he was happy because everyone thought he was a hero. This also show that Brother was ashamed because of what he did it for himself, but not for Doodle, so he cried. Furthermore, the family was happy about What brother had done, and the family â€Å" Dance together quite well†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (559). This show that the family is celebrating for Doodle and cheering for Brother, so brother was really happy. This also shows that Bother is proud of himself, he realize that Doodle is really special for him because Doodle make him happy. Brother was happy and also sad for what he had done for Doodle Helping Doodle makes Brother feel good because he wants Doodle to be normal like other kids. For instance, Bother was happy to teach Doodle â€Å"to run, to swim, to climb trees, and to fight.†(559). This shows that brother have faith in Doodle to do other things beside walking. This also shows that brother believed himself and Doodle ability. He knows that he could done more for Doodle. In the same way, Brother wants Doodle to be normal so he gave Doodle â€Å"swimming lesson or showed him how to row a boat.†(560). This shows that Brother begin to teach Doodle how to do things, so Doodle does not have any problem later. This also shows that Brother cares more about Doodle more than his pride. He pushed Doodle to be normal like other kids. Furthermore, Brother wants Doodle to be normal and Brother made Doodle to â€Å"swim until he turned blue and row until he couldn’t lift an oar.†(560).This shows that Brother pushes Doodle over the limit to make him to do things. This also shows that Brother makes Doodle tired even if Doodle has physical problem. It is too much for Doodle to handle. Brother was pushing Doodle too much to learn stuff even if Doodle is tired. Doodle could be dead because he was sick. Pride makes life meaningful for people, but sometime their pride can be bad because of what people did I life. Like Brother, people can take advantage to make their pride better. Sometime these people care about their pride, but not the other.

The Cosmos: Creation :: essays research papers

The Cosmos: Creation Where is the universe from? Where is it going? How is it put together? How did it get to be this way. These are Big questions. Very easy to ask but almost impossible to answer. We want answers for philosophical reason having nothing to do with science. No one will get rich from discovering the structure of the universe unless they right a book about it. The area of science dealing with Big questions is called cosmology. The reason for it's study is found in the fact that: The universe was born at a specific time in the past and has expanded ever since. The Expansion of the Universe Edwin Hubble established the existence of other galaxies. He noted that the light from these galaxies was shifted toward the red. That is it's wavelength was longer than that of the light emitted from the corresponding atoms in the lab. Furthermore he found that the farther away the galaxy was the more it was shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. Hubble attributed this shift to the doppler effect. Hubble saw this and concluded that all galaxies are rushing away from us and the universe is expanding as a whole. Modern equipment has observed and verified this so-called Hubble expansion exists throughout the observable universe. This shows three important things. First there is no significance to the fact that earth seems to be the center of the universal expansion. In any galaxy it would look as if you were standing still and all others were rushing away from you. Second the movement of the universe is not like an explosion. Galaxies are not moved through the universe but expand with the universe. Third the galaxies themselves do not expand only the space between them. Finally if you ask where the expansion started the only answer is everywhere. In the words of the fifteenth-century philosopher Nicholas of Cusa, "the universe has its center everywhere and its edge nowhere." This theory has one fact that is inescapable. The universe was not always there but did have an beginning. This has come to be known as the Big-Bang theory. Universal Freezing When the universe was younger it was smaller. When matter and energy are compacted the temperature inevitably rises. Thus when the universe was younger it was hotter. We can see six crucial events called "freezing's" where the fabric of the universe changed in a fundamental way. The most recent occurred when the universe was about 500,000 years old, about 14,999,500,000 years ago. After 500,000 years permanent atoms started to form. Before 500,000 years matter existed as loose electrons and nuclei in a

Anne of Green Gables Essay -- L.M. Montgomery Anne of Green Gables Ess

Anne of Green Gables Mind over Matter. As clichà © as this statement sounds, L.M. Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables proves the idea to be true. Throughout the novel, Anne continually uses her imagination to help her persevere through difficult situations. This novel also highlights the importance and power one’s attitude has in shaping the outcome of a situation or event, and carries a powerful message that people control their own happiness. Numerous times, Anne, the protagonist, is faced with less than ideal circumstances, but she is determined to have an optimistic attitude and make the best of each situation. As a result of this positive determination, the outcome is always in Anne’s favor. Anne Shirley is an eleven year-old orphan who lived in the early 1900s, in very poor conditions in several foster homes and then an orphan asylum, yet maintained a bright outlook on life. While in the foster homes where she was treated as a servant, and then in the orphan asylum, Anne used her imagination to get her through daily life. She developed imaginary friends who she talked to about her hopes, fears, and dreams for the future. According to Anne, these friendships were, â€Å"the comfort and consolation of my life† (Montgomery 58). Anne’s imagination was her survival instinct enabling her to persevere through the trials of being orphaned early in life. Explaining her history, Anne stated, â€Å"It was a very lonely place, I am sure I never could have lived there if I hadn’t an imagination† (40). While reflecting on her own experience, Anne remarked that a child with less imagination than herself would not have survived her circumstances. After a traumatic experience early in her life in two, cheerless foster homes, and then an orphan... ...tude does affect the outcome of your circumstance, as her positive attitude always leads her to find the best in a situation: â€Å"When I left Queen’s my future seemed to stretch out before me like a straight road. I thought I could see along it for many a milestone. Now there is a bend in it. I don’t know what lies around the bend, but I am going to believe that the best does† (303). If you continue to read the Anne of Green Gables series, you will discover that Anne’s positive attitude prevails, and that life holds much joy for her. Life is not fair, and people will still experience difficult times regardless of their attitude, but Anne shows society that people are responsible for their own joy, and a positive attitude and a little imagination can help make the best of each situation. Works Cited Montgomery, L.M. Anne of Green Gables. Toronto: Seal Books, 1908

Does Cerumen have a risk for transmission of diseases? Essay

I learned in the A & P course that ear wax (or cerumen) is a waxy secretion by ceruminous gland (= modified sebaceous gland), mixed with sloughed epithelial cells, which inhibits the growth of certain bacteria due to its acidic pH. It also protects the skin of the external auditory canal by providing a waterproof layer, so, it’s something beneficial to us. Sure enough, there appear to be a number of articles written to support this – â€Å"Bactericidal activity of cerumen†, Chai & Chai (ref 1), â€Å"Bactericidal activity of wet cerumen†, Stone & Fulghun (ref 2), etc. (though this concept is refuted by a later study! (ref 3))On the other hand, I could find only very few articles that discuss the role that ear wax plays in disease transmission or as a portal of exist for pathogens. I started with an article by Kemp & Bankaitis (ref 4), in which it is stated that cerumen is not considered an infectious agent until it becomes contaminated with blood or mucus, and it can even be placed in the regular trash unless significant amount of blood or mucous is present. So, it appears the danger is not in cerumen itself but in blood/mucous contaminant. CDC lists Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever(VHF) as infectious diseases by bloodborne pathogens (ref 5). On the topic of cerumen itself transmitting bloodborne viruses, I could find only two articles, both by the same group of researchers, Beyindir, Kalcioglu et al. First article is on the study of possible transmission of Hepatitis B (ref 6), in which the authors conclude that cerumen can be a potential source of transmission and further investigation for horizontal, nosocomial, and occupational transmission is necessary. The second article is on Hepatitis C, and it concludes that cerumen has no risk, even in patients with high HCV RNA serum levels. I could not find any articles to confirm/deny cerumen as a source of transmission for HIV or VHF. I think our text book lists ear wax as a portal of exit for pathogens, because of more than minimal potential risk of contamination by blood, during treatment of otitis, removal of impacted ear wax etc. performed by otolaryngologists/audiologists on a regular basis. Referrences ———–1: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1980 Oct;18(4): 638-412: The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology, 1984 Mar-Apr;93(2 Pt 1): 183-63: â€Å"Influence of human wet cerumen on the growth of common and pathogenic bacteria of the ear†, Campos, Betancor, et al., The Journal of laryngology and otology, 2000 Dec;114(12): 925-94: â€Å"Infection Control in Audiology†, http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/sgriff/infectioncontrol.pdf5: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/Blood/blood.htm6: â€Å"Does cerumen have a risk for transmission of hepatitis B?†, The Laryngoscope, 2004 Mar;114(3): 577-807: â€Å"Detection of HCV-RNA in cerumen of chronically HCV-infected patients†, The Laryngoscope, 2005 Mar;115(3): 508-11

Meat Tenderness essays

Meat Tenderness essays Numerous consumer surveys done in recent years indicate that meat tenderness is the most important consideration made by shoppers and consumers when mealtime decisions are made. Tenderness, juiciness, and flavor are the three main factors contributing to palatability, however, much more variation from cut to cut can be found in the tenderness category than in the other two. Causes for variation can range from age of carcass, genetics, muscle stress, and handling after kill to suspension of the carcass, rigor mortis, and enzyme soaking and radiation treatments. This paper will focus primarily on the tenderness factor in beef; however, pork will be addressed when applicable. Beef is essentially a muscle food. In order to fully understand the tenderness factor of beef, one must have working knowledge of the properties of muscle structure. One of the primary factors in tenderness levels is the amount of connective tissue in the cut of beef. Connective tissue surrounds the myofibrils, and another layer of connective tissue covers the muscle fiber. Still more layers cover the muscle bundles, and the entire muscle itself. Different parts of the beef animal have different amounts of connective tissue. Generally speaking, the more connective tissue present, the less tender beef is when cooked (Beef production/management d.). For example, the psoas major, the multifidis dorsi, and the gluteus medius are some muscles that contain the least amount of connective tissue, and are therefore some of the most tender. The cutaneous, the trapezius, and the super pectoral have large amounts of connective tissue, and therefore are some of the toughest cuts of bee f. These variations in toughness between and even within muscles place a higher importance on cutting practices. Meat should be cut to ensure uniform tenderness throughout the cut, so that proper cooking practices to increase tenderness can reap their maximum benefit (s...

Government Securities Market of Kazakhstan

Government Securities Market of Kazakhstan Free Online Research Papers 1. The importance of the research The global practice shows, that the security markets are the effective mechanism of mobilization of financial resources and savings of the population, optimum redistribution of means in a national economy. However, today, the economy of Kazakhstan is facing the problem of having more money in circulation than it is required. Moreover, most of this money is not earning, but rather kept in people’s hands. This paper is aimed at analyzing one of the tools to solve this problem – government securities. It will consider the past and the present situation of the market for government securities. Also, it will consider the ways to improve and enlarge the market for further development of national economy as a whole. One of the important tools of the security market is government security. All over the world governments and their establishments are the largest borrowers of the capital. With the help of the markets of government securities, the state borrows temporarily free money resources from commercial banks, financial companies and population. The received money resources are used for non-inflationary financing of government and local budget deficits. Besides, the given sector of the security markets is especially important for a national economy as the tool of monetary policy, as a key parameter of a status of a financial system of the state, and also as a guide for the foreign investors. 2. Government Securities The types of government securities circulating since 2000 1. MEAKAM – government special bonds of Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan with 10 years of maturity 2. MEIKAM government treasury bonds of Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan indexed to inflation 3. MEKABM government currency treasury bonds of Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan indexed to inflation 4. MEKAM government treasury bonds of Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan with all types of maturity 5. MEKKAM government short-term treasury bonds of Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan with up to 1-year maturity included 6. MEOKAM government middle-term treasury bonds of Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan with from 1-year to 10-year maturities. 3. Development of GS in primary and secondary markets In 1994 creation of a home security market begun in Kazakhstan, which would be capable to carry out the above-stated functions considerably to reduce volumes of direct crediting by National Bank of the Ministry of Finance. The market of government securities was formed gradually. ? First, the volumes addressed on the security market were increased. It concerns both the primary, and the secondary government securities market. Figure # 1 On results of 2000, the volume of the issued government securities has made already 200099 million tenge, and volume of the trades in the secondary market 524360 million tenge. Whereas in 1994 the given parameters did not exceed 233, 7 million and 1, 7 million tenge, accordingly. ? Second, a variety of tools of borrowing grew. If right at the beginning of formation of government securities markets, state offered the three-monthly exchequer obligations and notes of National Bank only in tenge, by the end of 2000 the spectrum of financial tools considerably has extended. It is important to note occurrence in Kazakhstan in 1999 of a new category of government securities bonds of local executive bodies. The data is kindly provided by the State Statistics Agency ? Third, in process of development of the market of the state liabilities its infrastructure developed also: technical and legal. 4. The technical infrastructure. The basic components of the technical infrastructure, generated in Kazakhstan, of the security markets are a National commission of Republic of Kazakhstan on securities, Ministry of the finance acting by the emitter of government securities on behalf of government; national bank which is carrying out functions of the financial agent on service of release; CJSC Central deposits of securities, carrying out account of movement of the property rights on securities; the Kazakhstan stock exchange acting by the organizer of secondary tenders on republican securities and primary accommodation on the bonds of local bodies of authority, and also primary dealers. 5. The legal base The legal base of functioning of the security markets is submitted by a package of the documents regulating to all spectrum of the legal relations of the participants, order of accommodation of government securities, repayment, secondary tenders and realization of accounts. Among the basic normative acts it is possible to name the: Civil code of Republic of Kazakhstan, Law of Republic of Kazakhstan On the security markets , Law of Republic of Kazakhstan On state and guaranteed state borrowings and duty, Rules on the order of release, manipulation and repayment of various kinds of government securities, and also Rules of realization of operations REPO and opposite REPO and government securities of the Republic of Kazakhstan 6. Development of external borrowing of the Ministry of Finance Already it is possible to tell, that the home market of state securities is generated and corresponds to a modern level of development of national economy. Besides for today it is the most advanced and large part of all financial markets of Kazakhstan. Analyzing the market of the state liabilities, it is necessary to mention a question on development of external borrowings of the Ministry of the Finance, which is carried out with the help of emission of euro securities. The preferability of the euro-bonded loans is explained to that only in euro markets it is possible to attract long-term and rather cheap financial resources. The release of external borrowings on a market basis directly and indirectly reduces cost of the debt. Direct effect attraction of additional sources of financing of deficiency of the budget. Indirect effect decrease of profitability of all tools of the state debt and strengthening of a position of the Ministry of Finance at accommodation of new releases in a home market. At the same time, except for the economy of the internal savings, successful accommodation of the external loans gives a positive signal for direct and indirect portfolio of the investments. The question on development of the given direction of state borrowings has risen in 1996, as by then home market of government securities yet did not give an opportunity to attract means for longer terms. In total for years of independence Kazakhstan made four releases of sovereign euro-bonds, which have allowed to occupy the niche in the international capital market. Date of issue 20.12.1996 02.10.1997 18.10.1998 11.05.2000 Maturity date 20.12.1999 02.10.2002 18.10.2004 11.05.2007 Coupon rate 9.25 8.375 13.625 11.125 Number of pmt p.a. 2 2 2 2 Currency $ $ $ $ Initial spread 350 245 825 500 Total value $200 mln. $350 mln. $275 mln. $350 mln. Exchange listing Amsterdam Luxemburg Amsterdam Luxemburg Luxemburg Amsterdam Luxemburg Managers ABN AMRO Bank J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank Deutsche Bank ABN AMRO J.P. Morgan The data is kindly provided by the State Statistics Agency In whole all four issues were appreciated by the experts as successful, despite of the negative corrective amendments, which have been brought in a situation by global financial crisis. Certainly creation for rather short time of the satisfactorily functioning market of government securities is plus for a national economy. Nevertheless given market has the contradiction, which should be eliminated by its further improvement. Firstly, this market concentrates the most part of all free market resources, distracting them thus from investment funds in real sector of economy. On this control will be kept to ensure that the issue of government securities remained in borders not undermining investment prospects. Secondly, the constant escalating of release of government bonds results in increase of the charges of the state on service of the debt, and as it breaks a parity of flows of financial resources between the state and enterprises. The contradiction of functioning of the market of government securities can be overcome by the further perfection of its segments of the financial market. 7. The basic direction of the further development of GS market. The basic directions of the further development of a home market of government securities in our point of view become: Decrease of profitability of government securities; Re-structuring of the internal debt for the benefit of more long-term borrowings; Expansion of a number of the holders of government securities; Development of sector of government securities of local bodies of management (municipal securities) The basic condition of development of the financial market is the decrease in profitability of government securities. And as high profitability conducts not only to increase of cost of service of the state debt but also raises a general price level on extra resources. Now many commercial banks consider the market of government securities as most reliable and sufficiently profitable object of an investment of free financial resources. For this reason in the arsenal they in most cases have 2 basic sources of the incomes contributions to tools of the market of government securities and commission for granting of services. All this considerably complicates a situation with investment in real sector of economy. It is necessary to note, that during development nevertheless it was possible considerably to lower the profitability of government securities, at the expense of activization in the market of pension funds, the given tendency will be possible to be kept. However, to reach an optimum level of profitability appropriate to real opportunities of economic system, for today yet it was not possible. One of the measures on reduction of cost of service of the state debt is its re-structuring for the benefit of more long-term borrowings. The Ministry of Finance takes steps on prolongation of terms of the loans. Nevertheless now as before in structure of the market of government securities short-term tools borrow the most part. Besides cost of service of the state debt needs to be reduced, having increased number of the investors wishing to participate in crediting the state. For today it is important to attract to the market the population and not the residents. As to the population that today, it practically does not participate in the market of government bonds. In Kazakhstan as before, the basic share of government primary dealers at their own expense purchase securities. Earlier, till April, 1999, Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan the national savings bonds were issued and were intended for accommodation, including the physical persons, but in connection with transition to a mode of the freely floating exchange rate of tenge, now data valuable securities have appeared practically dead. Therefore, for attraction of the savings of the population it is necessary to use new liquid tools, which can be returned to the emitter at any time or on the expiration of the certain term of maturity. T hus, the important role is played by the price of the state bonds, which should be minimal. That is, accessible to the majority of the citizens. Besides attraction of the savings of the population considerably to increase opportunities of the investment mechanism, the participation of non-residents in the market of securities should be allowed. The first step in a direction of the decision of the given task already is made the decision on the admission of non-residents in a home market of government securities is accepted. Prospect of participation of the foreign investors in the market of government securities directly depends on skills to overcome the crisis of trust on the part of western investors who are still very badly familiar with conditions and features of domestic market, so that they would be involved in the large scales in the operations with tools, new to them. 9. Summary It is necessary to mention a question on prospects of borrowing in an international capital market. The prospects Kazakhstan euro bonded releases will be dependent on the state approach to regulation of the external loans and on the tendencies of development of the global markets after recent crisis. Relative profitability euro bonds in relation to internal government securities will be dependent on comparative dynamics of their profitability and on rates of a gain of foreign currencies. As a whole, the formation of the advanced and steady market of the state liabilities in the long term will be dependent on a general economic situation in the country. It is necessary to the state to create all conditions for development of stimulus to the savings to be accumulated and transform them into the investment. Reference: 1. Kazakhstan Stock Exchange, Annual Report 2001 2. Security Markets, Magazine, December 2001 3. State Statistics Agency, Report on movement of securities for 2001 4. Zh. N. Aytjanova, G. M. Adilova: â€Å"The Role of securities in Stock companies†, Study manual, 1997 5. Kazkhstan Sector Research, Kazakhstan Financial Markets, Government securities, May 1998. 6. Aljanova A. â€Å"Municipal bonds as alternative source of financing in capital markets†, 1998 7. Nurdin D. â€Å"Euro – obligations in Kazakhstan: Theory and Practice†, 1997 8. Berzon N.I., Bulkova E. A., Kojevnikov N. A., Chalenko A. V.: â€Å"Stock Exchange†, 1998 1. Introduction 2. The types of government securities 3. Development of GS in primary and secondary markets 4. The technical infrastructure 5. The legal base 6. Development of external borrowing of the Ministry of Finance 7. The basic direction of the further development of GS market 8. Summary Research Papers on Government Securities Market of KazakhstanDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalQuebec and CanadaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal Immigration